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Documentation Index

Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.dfns.co/llms.txt

Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

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Client Data

The Client Data object is used during user registration, new credential creation, login, recovery and action signing

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Fido2 credential

When using Fido2, the client data object is built inside the authenticator and returned to the browser base64url encoded. There is no need to modify it. More information can be found in the W3C webauthn offical specification
fieldtypedescription
typestringwebauthn.create for registration and new credential
webauthn.get for login and action signing
challengestringThe challenge returned from the init call
originstringThe origin in which the app is being executed
crossOriginbooleanA flag indicating if the current call is running cross origin; in most cases this should be false

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Example

// Client data as returned by the authenticator during registration
eyJ0eXBlIjoid2ViYXV0aG4uY3JlYXRlIiwiY2hhbGxlbmdlIjoiWTJndE16bGxORFl0YUdKdGRtMHRPR3gwY1hFemMybzBPRGczWlRkd09BIiwib3JpZ2luIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hcHAuZGZucy5uaW5qYSIsImNyb3NzT3JpZ2luIjpmYWxzZX0

// Client data object
{
  "type":"webauthn.create",
  "challenge":"Y2gtMzllNDYtaGJtdm0tOGx0cXEzc2o0ODg3ZTdwOA",
  "origin":"https://app.dfns.ninja",
  "crossOrigin":false
}

​
Key, Password Protected Key and Recovery credential

Unlike when using Fido2 credential, the client data object needs to be created manually for Key credential. Once created the object needs to be “stringified” and base64url encoded.
Critical formatting requirements:
  • Keys must be alphabetically sorted (e.g., challenge before type)
  • JSON separators must have no spaces after : and ,
  • The result must be base64url encoded (not standard base64)
Incorrect formatting will cause “Unable to verify signature” errors.
// Define keys in alphabetical order - JSON.stringify preserves insertion order
const clientData = {
  challenge: challenge,  // 'c' comes before 't'
  type: 'key.get'
};
const clientDataJson = JSON.stringify(clientData);
// Result: '{"challenge":"...","type":"key.get"}'
const clientDataBase64url = Buffer.from(clientDataJson).toString('base64url');
fieldtypedescription
typestringkey.create for registration and new credential
key.get for login and action signing
challengestringThe challenge returned from the init call. The challenge is already base64url encoded, there is no need to encode it

​
Example

// Client data object
{
  "challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw",
  "type":"key.create"
}

// Stringify
'{"challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw","type":"key.create"}'

// Base64url
eyJjaGFsbGVuZ2UiOiJZMmd0Tnpsb2FIUXRiWEpsYjJzdE9HRndPSEZ0TW1WcFpXWjBhbXhoWnciLCJ0eXBlIjoia2V5LmNyZWF0ZSJ9

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Attestation Data

This attestation data object is used during registration and new credential.

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Fido2 credential

When using Fido2, the attestation data object is built inside the authenticator and returned to the browser. It is encoded using CBOR specification. There is no need to modify it. More information can be found in the W3C webauthn offical specification. It is an opaque object and there is no need to describe it here.

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Example

// Attestation Data as returned by the authenticator during registration
o2NmbXRmcGFja2VkZ2F0dFN0bXSjY2FsZyZjc2lnWEcwRQIgVHg5PQ_mEyPi_FRZdkgT-SXmspljVaOWJBcN3M0iDxoCIQC8dJkvMWREoJrEdgECSRWzUxXG0WbrpCiajYEJ8mNF5mN4NWOBWQLdMIIC2TCCAcGgAwIBAgIJANVbnGiXosqIMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMC4xLDAqBgNVBAMTI1l1YmljbyBVMkYgUm9vdCBDQSBTZXJpYWwgNDU3MjAwNjMxMCAXDTE0MDgwMTAwMDAwMFoYDzIwNTAwOTA0MDAwMDAwWjBvMQswCQYDVQQGEwJTRTESMBAGA1UECgwJWXViaWNvIEFCMSIwIAYDVQQLDBlBdXRoZW50aWNhdG9yIEF0dGVzdGF0aW9uMSgwJgYDVQQDDB9ZdWJpY28gVTJGIEVFIFNlcmlhbCAxNzU1MDc3NTg5MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEAQap0H_qWf7Lo9-qH8Xj2q-EtN-D_jO0JWxfoyafAdQRcIHIhUMixqtqB9fd5M95L0F4zS7Pvbe5EIA_tns7naOBgTB_MBMGCisGAQQBgsQKDQEEBQQDBQQDMCIGCSsGAQQBgsQKAgQVMS4zLjYuMS40LjEuNDE0ODIuMS43MBMGCysGAQQBguUcAgEBBAQDAgUgMCEGCysGAQQBguUcAQEEBBIEEO6IKHlyHEkTl3U9_M6XByowDAYDVR0TAQH_BAIwADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAhDTK-uoXyNUKvzPk-mTjRykakGfJx6CXWJHJAR_zdkHQHaNA-SB8z3a2lmn9sBKI2_-9T3Pasj4gaaXiQxqOXbifp8Iv5nz7rKtmmMuur_u4-XMkOo-wLdZvcjwj-jWdX0daFGmRU0Yck4tYw6-Y_hJ_L8mNT_Odu2jqY3--WlZ8T9H-c9BYhz3dG1MCiQpYH_tw5sz0LXuSFrM3tF_0yEehgtwDwANby9OG7KqUf7O0ArvpBcFFPj8lJf_1_6qXkwFSYxZZzKXHwNsumEdpB7is-X6M4sWG_dcl6msj-hQdtWpxokCWzymdlUG5mk541vtzqpMjM6UvREg1wWjoXmhhdXRoRGF0YVjCtP0s4DAIslfywtetyFg4YfWUmc3GcqHTevk0O6OswibFAAAAAe6IKHlyHEkTl3U9_M6XByoAMEmPqgPRjx312Ywh4gex7TgWLwE2kWRNFGsBomlOLuGIceqoSXgbyAXJgksJs_8_nqUBAgMmIAEhWCBJj6oD0Y8d9dmMIeIHCSUgwKr6FKqaytOhNxEZnGoOYiJYIPGzFTyHoPed-ysej7WwkaaHydkatYmz0rInky2TzyiKoWtjcmVkUHJvdGVjdAI

// CBOR decoded Attestation Data
{
  "authData" : {
    "rpIdHash" : "tP0s4DAIslfywtetyFg4YfWUmc3GcqHTevk0O6OswiY=",
    "flags" : -59,
    "signCount" : 1,
    "attestedCredentialData" : {
      "aaguid" : {
        "value" : "ee882879-721c-4913-9775-3dfcce97072a",
        "bytes" : "7ogoeXIcSROXdT38zpcHKg=="
      },
      "credentialId" : "SY+qA9GPHfXZjCHiB7HtOBYvATaRZE0UawGiaU4u4Yhx6qhJeBvIBcmCSwmz/z+e",
      "cosekey" : {
        "1" : "2",
        "3" : -7,
        "-1" : 1,
        "-2" : "SY+qA9GPHfXZjCHiBwklIMCq+hSqmsrToTcRGZxqDmI=",
        "-3" : "8bMVPIeg9537Kx6PtbCRpofJ2Rq1ibPSsieTLZPPKIo=",
        "1" : 2
      }
    },
    "extensions" : {
      "credProtect" : 2
    },
    "flagUP" : true,
    "flagUV" : true,
    "flagAT" : true,
    "flagED" : true
  },
  "attStmt" : {
    "alg" : -7,
    "sig" : "MEUCIFR4OT0P5hMj4vxUWXZIE/kl5rKZY1WjliQXDdzNIg8aAiEAvHSZLzFkRKCaxHYBAkkVs1MVxtFm66Qomo2BCfJjReY=",
    "x5c" : [ "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" ]
  },
  "fmt" : "packed"
}

​
Key, Password Protected Key and Recovery credential

Unlike when using Fido2 credential, the attestation data object needs to be created manually for Key credential. Once created the object needs to be “stringified” and base64url encoded. Before building the attestation data object, the credential info fingerprint object needs to be created.

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Credential Info Fingerprint

The attestation data object contains a signature. This section explains how to construct the credential info fingerprint object that is then signed and included in the attestation data object.
FieldTypeDescription
clientDataHashstringThe hex encoded SHA-256 hash of the “stringified” client data object
publicKeystringPEM encoded public key that can be used to verify the signature for the credential
In order for the server to properly verify the signature, the clientDataHash needs to be computed in a reproducible way. That means the “stringified” operation of the client data object needs to be done with the following requirements:
  • Keys need to be sorted in alphabetical order: challenge first, and then type
  • Separators need to be : and , without any space before and after
For example given the following client data object
{
  "challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw",
  "type":"key.create"
}
The “stringified” version needs to be
{"challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw","type":"key.create"}
Example 
// Client data object
{
  "challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw",
  "type":"key.create"
}

// "Stringified" client data
{"challenge":"Y2gtNzloaHQtbXJlb2stOGFwOHFtMmVpZWZ0amxhZw","type":"key.create"}

// SHA256 hex encoded
cba00cc2224e76aa12e42cd0e30a1a73e5525ed0dccb7e29e709fee3a1e98dec

// Credential info fingerprint object
{
  "clientDataHash": "cba00cc2224e76aa12e42cd0e30a1a73e5525ed0dccb7e29e709fee3a1e98dec",
  "publicKey": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"
}
So the attestation data object is built with the following fields
FieldTypeDescription
publicKeystringPEM encoded public key that can be used to verify the signature for the credential. This the same public key than the one in the Credential Info Fingerprint object
signaturestringThe signature produced by signing the “stringified” Credential Info Fingerprint object with the credentials private key, using the algorithm specified in algorithm. Needs to be encoded as a hex string
algorithmstring

Optional The algorithm/digest that the credential will use to sign data. If the algoritm is not specified the algorithm will be determined by the key. Can be one of the following choices:
RSA-SHA256
SHA256
SHA512

In order for the server to properly verify the signature, the “stringified” operation of the Credential Info Fingerprint object needs to be done with the following requirements:
  • Keys need to be sorted in alphabetical order: clientDataHash first, then publicKey
  • Separators need to be : and , without any space before and after
For example given the following client data object
{
  "clientDataHash": "cba00cc2224e76aa12e42cd0e30a1a73e5525ed0dccb7e29e709fee3a1e98dec",
  "publicKey": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"
}
The “stringified” version needs to be
{"clientDataHash":"cba00cc2224e76aa12e42cd0e30a1a73e5525ed0dccb7e29e709fee3a1e98dec","publicKey":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"}
The signature also needs to be generated with pre-defined hash algorithm and encoding:
  • Hash algorithm: SHA256
  • Encoding: DER. See Signature Format for more information

​
Signing Example

// Keys must be in alphabetical order
const clientData = {
  challenge: challenge,  // 'c' before 't'
  type: 'key.create',
}

const clientDataJson = JSON.stringify(clientData)
const signaturePayload = JSON.stringify({
  clientDataHash: crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataJson).digest('hex'),
  publicKey: newKey.publicKey,  // 'c' before 'p'
})
const signature = crypto.sign(undefined, Buffer.from(signaturePayload), newKey.privateKey)

​
Example

// Hex encoded signature of the string '{"clientDataHash":"cba00cc2224e76aa12e42cd0e30a1a73e5525ed0dccb7e29e709fee3a1e98dec","publicKey":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"}'
30460221008e0109848c6fc83004d0e6c7fdac71dae8524fc5a29081d012f865416986ce29022100f47e1bee6c5175c4488b143c936c68fac1ae7e7931e76c677d46331ed149d17d

// Attestation Data object
{
  "publicKey": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
  "signature": "30460221008e0109848c6fc83004d0e6c7fdac71dae8524fc5a29081d012f865416986ce29022100f47e1bee6c5175c4488b143c936c68fac1ae7e7931e76c677d46331ed149d17d"
}

// Stringify
'{"publicKey": "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE9cG2mE4DWHbwwlLRSKBLZ9m6+QsC\neOqWJh1x5VvRHZMaPLQlRrhhgbHm8una4h8S+L5o8sV8Hvujbl3MrATj3Q==\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","signature":"30460221008e0109848c6fc83004d0e6c7fdac71dae8524fc5a29081d012f865416986ce29022100f47e1bee6c5175c4488b143c936c68fac1ae7e7931e76c677d46331ed149d17d"}'

// Base64url
eyJwdWJsaWNLZXkiOiAiLS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQVUJMSUMgS0VZLS0tLS1cbk1Ga3dFd1lIS29aSXpqMENBUVlJS29aSXpqMERBUWNEUWdBRTljRzJtRTREV0hid3dsTFJTS0JMWjltNitRc0NcbmVPcVdKaDF4NVZ2UkhaTWFQTFFsUnJoaGdiSG04dW5hNGg4UytMNW84c1Y4SHZ1amJsM01yQVRqM1E9PVxuLS0tLS1FTkQgUFVCTElDIEtFWS0tLS0tXG4iLCJzaWduYXR1cmUiOiIzMDQ2MDIyMTAwOGUwMTA5ODQ4YzZmYzgzMDA0ZDBlNmM3ZmRhYzcxZGFlODUyNGZjNWEyOTA4MWQwMTJmODY1NDE2OTg2Y2UyOTAyMjEwMGY0N2UxYmVlNmM1MTc1YzQ0ODhiMTQzYzkzNmM2OGZhYzFhZTdlNzkzMWU3NmM2NzdkNDYzMzFlZDE0OWQxN2QifQ
Last modified on May 15, 2026